What Is Avoidance Behaviour? Causes and Effects
Avoidance behaviour describes efforts to stay away from a situation, thought, feeling, or activity that may
What Is Agoraphobia? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder involving an intense fear of being in a situation where it
What Is Emotional Numbness? Psychological Causes and Its Relationship with Emotion Regulation
At times, a person may find that they cannot cry after an upsetting event, no longer
What Is Claustrophobia? Symptoms and Treatment for Fear of Enclosed Spaces
Claustrophobia is an intense fear of enclosed spaces or situations where leaving may feel difficult, such
What Is Self-Alienation? Why Might You Feel Like You Don’t Recognize Yourself?
Self-alienation is a general term for feeling distant from your emotions, thoughts, body, or sense of
Why Do We Feel Guilty When Setting Boundaries?
Feeling guilty after setting a boundary does not automatically mean you have done something wrong. The
What Is Emotional Eating? Understanding the Link Between Emotions and Food
Emotional eating refers to eating in response to feelings or difficult situations rather than physical hunger
How Does Emotional Neglect Affect Relationships in Adulthood?
When a child’s emotional needs are repeatedly overlooked or unmet, this may influence how they relate
What Is a Manic Episode? Symptoms, Differences from Hypomania, and Support
A manic episode is a period in which a person experiences a marked change in mood,
Forming an Emotional Bond with AI: Closeness, Loneliness and Boundaries
Artificial intelligence chatbots are no longer used only to find information or make everyday tasks easier.
What Is Psychological Resilience? Coping With Challenges and Adapting Over Time
What is psychological resilience? Psychological resilience is the process of adapting to difficult experiences and finding
What Is Cognitive Dissonance? When Our Thoughts and Actions Conflict
Cognitive dissonance describes the psychological discomfort a person may experience when their thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or
What Is High-Functioning Anxiety? Experiencing Anxiety While Appearing Successful
Some people may appear highly organised, productive, and successful from the outside. They complete their work
What Is Learned Helplessness? Why Can It Be Difficult to Act Even When Change Is Possible?
Learned helplessness is a psychological pattern in which a person comes to believe that their actions
What Is Anhedonia? Understanding Loss of Pleasure
Anhedonia is the reduced ability to experience pleasure, interest, or satisfaction from activities that were previously
Anger: Understanding Anger Management and the Role of Psychotherapy
Anger is a natural human emotion that may arise when we feel unfairly treated, blocked, threatened,
What Is Alexithymia? When Feelings Are Hard to Identify
“How do you feel?” is not an easy question for everyone to answer. Someone may know
What Is Existential Therapy? Making Space for Life’s Fundamental Questions
“Everything in my life seems fine, so why do I feel unfulfilled?” Sometimes a question like
Is It Inattention or Adult ADHD? Symptoms and Key Differences
Your mind wanders during meetings or you regularly misplace your phone. When these difficulties persist and
Co-Rumination in Couples: Why Repeatedly Talking About Problems Does Not Always Help
Sharing worries, disappointments, and everyday stress with a partner is often an important part of emotional
Masked Anxiety in Children: Understanding the Hidden Signs
Anxiety in children does not always sound like “I am scared” or “I am worried.” Some
What Is Dissociative Disorder? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
The mind may sometimes create a temporary distance between thoughts, emotions, memories, and bodily sensations in
Why Do We Want to Know Everything in Advance? Uncertainty and the Need for Control
We want to know when someone will reply, where a relationship is heading, or whether a
ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Starting several tasks without finishing them, forgetting appointments or repeatedly postponing important responsibilities can feel exhausting.
Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Evidence-Based Solutions for Better Sleep
Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Evidence-Based Solutions for Better Sleep Do you find yourself tossing and turning
What Is Burnout? Symptoms, Causes, and Ways to Cope
Modern working life can place individuals under continuous pressure. Heavy workloads, constant availability, uncertain expectations, and
How Does Stress Work in the Body? The HPA Axis and the Role of Cortisol
Stress is not merely a feeling of emotional tension. It is a complex biological response involving
What Is Addiction? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Addiction is a complex mental and physical health condition in which a person has difficulty controlling
What Is Schizophrenia?
What Is Schizophrenia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Schizophrenia is a complex and long-term mental health
Social Anxiety in Adolescents: Symptoms, Causes, and the Therapy Process
Adolescence is a period when identity development accelerates, friendships become increasingly important, and sensitivity to other
Bowen Family Systems Theory
What Is Bowen Family Systems Theory? Bowen family systems theory understands a person’s emotions, thoughts, and
What Is Psychosis?
What Is Psychosis? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Psychosis is a psychological condition that significantly affects how
What Is Rumination? The Effects of Repetitive Thoughts on Mental Health
Replaying a past conversation over and over, questioning whether a decision was the right one, or
What Are Attachment Styles? Anxious, Avoidant, and Secure Attachment
The way people form emotional bonds, experience intimacy, and respond to separation or rejection can vary
What Is Narcissism?
What Is Narcissism? Narcissistic Traits, Causes, Relationships and Psychotherapy Narcissism is a psychological concept related to
Oedipus Complex
What Is the Oedipus Complex? Freud’s Theory and Its Place in Psychology The Oedipus complex is
What Is Burnout?
What Is Burnout? Symptoms, Causes, and Psychotherapy A demanding workload, constant responsibilities, performance pressure, and insufficient
What Is Social Withdrawal?
Why Do I Want to Avoid People? The Psychological Causes of Social Withdrawal Wanting to spend
What Is Screen Addiction?
What Is Screen Addiction? Symptoms, Effects, and Therapy Smartphones, tablets, computers, and digital platforms have become
What Are Paraphilias?
What Are Paraphilias? Types, Causes, and Therapy Paraphilia is a term used to describe persistent patterns
What Is Masked Depression?
What Is Masked Depression? Symptoms, Causes, and Therapy Masked depression is a term sometimes used to
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
What Is Schizotypal Personality Disorder? Symptoms, Causes, and Therapy Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD) is a personality
What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
You may have heard people say, "I'm so OCD" or "I'm obsessed with cleanliness." However, Obsessive-Compulsive
Early Diagnosis of OCD in Children: Why Recognizing the Signs Early Can Make a Difference
Why Is Early Diagnosis of OCD in Children Important? Childhood is a critical period for emotional,
What Is Trichotillomania? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Trichotillomania, also known as Hair-Pulling Disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by a recurrent urge
What Is Perfectionism? The Psychology Behind the Pursuit of Perfection
Striving for success, setting ambitious goals, and doing one's best are generally considered healthy and motivating
The Psychology of Infidelity: Why Do People Cheat?
The Psychology of Infidelity: Why Do People Cheat? Infidelity is one of the most challenging experiences
The Psychology of Addiction: Why Does Addiction Develop and How Can It Be Overcome?
The Psychology of Addiction: Why Does Addiction Develop and How Can It Be Overcome? Addiction is
What Is Health Anxiety (Illness Anxiety Disorder)? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
It is normal to worry about your health from time to time. However, if these worries
Exam Anxiety: An Obstacle to Success or an Emotion That Needs to Be Understood?
Exams are an important part of academic life, designed to assess an individual's knowledge and skills.
How Are Dating Apps Changing Desire?
A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Tinder Culture, Choice Overload, and Dissatisfaction Over the past decade, dating applications
The Psychology of Fanaticism: Why Do People Become Fanatics?
Fanaticism is often associated with extreme devotion to a sports team, political ideology, religious belief, public
What is Work Anxiety? Symptoms and How It Is Addressed in Therapy
What is Work Anxiety? Work anxiety refers to a state of persistent stress, worry, and pressure
How Do Childhood Experiences Affect Adult Relationships?
Introduction The relationships we form in adulthood are rarely only about the present. Whether we are
What is Decision Fatigue? Mental Exhaustion and Therapy
In daily life, the many decisions we make can gradually drain our mental energy without us
What Is Overthinking? Mental Exhaustion and Therapy
What Is Overthinking? Overthinking is the tendency to repeatedly analyze a situation, conversation, or future possibility.
What Is Psychodynamic Therapy?
Psychodynamic therapy is a depth-oriented therapeutic approach that focuses not only on current symptoms, but on
When Should You Start Therapy? Signs and Indicators
Many people believe they should only start therapy when things become “bad enough.” However, therapy is
When Does Therapy Work? When Does It Not?
One of the most common questions people ask before starting therapy is: “Will this actually work?”
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Making a healthy decision to seek therapy Many people put off seeking therapy because they feel nervous of
Let’s Eat!
Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in promoting both the physical development and psychological well-being of
What is Unconscious?
As per psychoanalytic theory, from the moment of birth, we develop an inner world within our
Parents and Children: Setting and Maintaining Boundaries
Each person establishes a unique personal space within their lives, and the extent of this personal
Special Needs Children
Certain children may experience learning difficulties, developmental delays, or develop personality issues that can present challenges
Panic Disorder: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Panic disorder is a prevalent and significant condition that typically manifests during adolescence, particularly in the
Staying in a Marriage for Children
Initially, a relationship blossoms organically with feelings of love and excitement. Eventually, after a few years,
The Truth About Infidelity
Melike Kayhan Psychoanalysts are seeing a sharp rise in extramarital affairs among couples. Why do
How does Couples Therapy work?
Melike Kayhan What is Couples Therapy? Why do couples stay in painful relationships? One of the
How do we Treat Vaginismus?
How do we treat vaginismus? For women with vaginismus, the act of vaginal penetration appears
How do we Treat Premature Ejaculation?
Most clients seeking help for a premature ejaculation problem are hoping for quick, miraculous solutions such as sprays
What is Unconscious?
According to psychoanalytic theory, we create an inner world in the unconscious since birth. Unconscious can be